Quickly determine the cause of jaw crusher failure and troubleshooting methods

As the core equipment in the mining crushing field, the stable operation of jaw crushers directly affects production line efficiency. This article starts from the equipment principle, deeply analyzes the internal mechanisms of common faults, and provides standardized troubleshooting solutions to offer professional technical support for mining operations.

Overview of Jaw Crushers

Cause analysis and troubleshooting methods for sudden shutdown of the Jaw Crusher

Cause analysis and troubleshooting methods:

• The discharge port is blocked, causing full cavity blockage;
  —Remove the blockage at the discharge port to ensure smooth discharge;
• The V-belt driving the groove wheel is too loose, causing the belt to slip;
  —Tighten or replace the V-belt;
• The eccentric shaft fixing bushing is loose, causing no gap on both sides of the bearing seat of the frame, causing the eccentric shaft to be stuck and unable to rotate—Reinstall or replace the fixing bushing;
• The voltage at the workplace is too low, and the main machine is unable to crush after encountering large materials;
  —Adjust the voltage at the workplace to meet the requirements of the main machine’s working voltage;
• The bearing is damaged.
  —Replace the bearing.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting methods for the main engine sheave and movable jaw to operate normally, but the crushing work stops

Cause analysis and troubleshooting methods:

• The tension spring is broken;
  —Replace the tension spring;
• The pull rod is broken;
  —Replace the pull rod;
• The toggle plate falls off or breaks.
  —Reinstall or replace the toggle plate.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting methods for the output not meeting the factory standard

Cause analysis and troubleshooting methods:

• The hardness or toughness of the crushed material exceeds the range specified in the instruction manual;
  —Replace or add a crusher;
• The motor wiring position is reversed, the main engine is reversed (the movable jaw rotates clockwise), or the motor triangle connection is connected to the star connection;
  —Replace the motor wiring;
• The discharge port is smaller than the specified limit;
  —Adjust the discharge port to the instruction manual The nominal discharge port specified in the book and the crusher for fine crushing are added;
• The jaw plate is displaced, and the tooth tops are opposite to each other;
  —Check the tooth pitch size of the tooth plate. If it does not meet the standard, the jaw plate must be replaced, and the relative position of the fixed jaw plate and the movable jaw plate must be adjusted to ensure that the tooth top is against the tooth root, and then fixed and pressed to prevent displacement;
• The voltage at the work site is too low;
  —Increase the voltage at the work site to adapt to the heavy load requirements of the main machine
• The clearance between the movable jaw and the bearing is too large after wear, causing the outer ring of the bearing to rotate relative to each other.
  —Replace the bearing or movable jaw.

the cause analysis and elimination method of the jumping or impact sound when the movable and fixed jaw plates are working

Cause analysis and elimination method:

• The fastening bolts of the jaw plate are loose or fall off;
  —Tighten or complete the bolts;
• The discharge port is too small, and the bottoms of the two jaw plates collide with each other.
  —Adjust the discharge port to ensure the correct clearance between the two jaw plates.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting of toggle plate fracture

Cause analysis and troubleshooting:

• The main engine is overloaded or the material larger than the feed port size enters;
  —Replace the toggle plate and control the feed size, and prevent the main engine from overloading;
• Non-crushed objects enter the crushing chamber;
  —Replace the toggle plate and take measures to prevent non-crushed objects from entering the crushing chamber;
• The toggle plate and toggle plate pad are not parallel and have a deviation;
  —Replace the toggle plate and replace the worn toggle plate pad, and install the toggle plate correctly;
• The casting has a serious casting defect.
  —Replace a qualified toggle plate.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting of spring fracture

Cause analysis: When adjusting the discharge port, the spring is not relaxed.

Troubleshooting: Replace the spring.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting of adjustment seat breakage

Cause analysis and troubleshooting:

• The toggle plate and toggle plate pad are purchased or modified by themselves, which do not meet the design requirements of the main engine manufacturer;
  —Replace the adjustment seat and replace the original toggle plate and toggle plate pad of the main engine manufacturer;
• The fixing bolts of the adjustment seat are loose;
  —Replace the adjustment seat and tighten the adjustment seat bolts;
• The adjustment seat has serious casting defects or welding defects.
  —Replace the adjustment seat.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting of eccentric shaft bending or fracture

Cause analysis and troubleshooting:

• Overturning occurred during the main machine hoisting process, causing the eccentric shaft to bend on one side;
  —Replace a new eccentric shaft and hoist the main machine correctly;
• The hardness of the crushed object exceeds the requirements of the product manual;
  —Replace a new eccentric shaft and select a suitable crusher according to the compressive strength of the crushed material;
• The main machine has been overloaded for a long time;
  —Replace a new eccentric shaft, adjust the operating load or replace a suitable crusher;
• The toggle plate does not meet the standard, and it plays a self-breaking protection role when non-crushed objects enter the crushing chamber;
  —Replace a new eccentric shaft, and do not use toggle plates and toggle pads that do not meet the design standards;
• Improper heat treatment of the eccentric shaft causes stress concentration, resulting in short-term fracture.
  —Replace a new eccentric shaft and use an eccentric shaft that has passed the heat treatment.

Cause analysis and troubleshooting of movable jaw fracture

Cause analysis and troubleshooting:

• • The casting has serious defects such as dense pores;
    —Replace the movable jaw.
  • Use unqualified toggle plates and toggle pads. When the crusher is hit by strong impact, the toggle plates do not break automatically;
    —Replace the movable jaw. At the same time, replace the original toggle plates and toggle pads produced by the main engine factory;
  • The movable jaw is displaced in the frame, and the bottom of one end hits the frame side guard plate;
    —Replace the movable jaw. At the same time, correctly assemble the eccentric shaft, bearing, fixing bushing and movable jaw, and replace the damaged parts;
  • The tension of the pull rod spring has not been replaced in time after failure;
    —Replace the movable jaw. At the same time, replace the pull rod spring;
  • The discharge port is smaller than the specified limit;
    —Replace the movable jaw. At the same time, adjust the discharge port as required;
  • The feeding position is incorrect, biased to one end or the angle of the lower hopper is too steep, so that the material directly hits the head of the movable jaw.
    —-Replace the movable jaw. At the same time, add a feed hopper to ensure that the material is discharged evenly and smoothly, and is divided from the middle to both sides.

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